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A coup d'État (pronounced /ku de'ta/), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, often through illegal means by a part of the state establishment — mostly replacing just the high-level figures.
It is also an example of political engineering. It can be (although not necessarily) violent, but it is different from a revolution, which is staged by a larger group and radically changes the political system through unconstitutional means.
Coups d'état are listed by country in alphabetical order.
Afghanistan in 1973 by Mohammed Daoud Khan against Mohammad Zahir Shah
Afghanistan in 1978 by Nur Muhammad Taraki against Mohammed Daoud Khan
Algeria in 1965 by Houari Boumedienne against Ahmed Ben Bella
Algeria in 1992 by Khaled Nezzar against Chadli Bendjedid
Argentina on September 6, 1930 by José Félix Uriburu against Hipólito Yrigoyen
Argentina in 1943 by Arturo Rawson against Ramón Castillo
Argentina in 1955 by Eduardo Lonardi against Juan Perón
Argentina in March 1962 against Arturo Frondizi
Argentina in 1966 by Juan Carlos Onganía against Roberto M. Levingston
Argentina in 1976 by Jorge Rafael Videla against Isabel Martínez de Perón
Azerbaijan in 1993 by Suret Huseynov against Abülfaz Elçibay
Bangladesh on August 15, 1975 by army officers against Mujibur Rahman
Bangladesh on March 24, 1982 by Hossain Mohammad Ershad against A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury
Bolivia in 1964 by René Barrientos against Víctor Paz Estenssoro
Bolivia in 1971 by Hugo Banzer against Juan José Torres
Bolivia in 1980 by Luis García Meza Tejada
Brazil in 1964 by Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco against João Goulart
Bulgaria in 1944 by Kimon Georgiev against Konstantin Muraviev
Burkina Faso in 1983 by Blaise Compaoré against Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
Burkina Faso in 1987 by Blaise Compaoré against Thomas Sankara
Burma on March 1, 1962 by Ne Win against U Nu
Burma on September 18, 1988 by Saw Maung against Maung Maung Kha
Burundi in November 1966 by Michel Micombero against Ntare V of Burundi
Burundi on July 25, 1996 by Pierre Buyoya against Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
Cambodia in 1970 by Lon Nol against Norodom Sihanouk
Central African Republic in 1966 by Jean-Bédel Bokassa against David Dacko
Central African Republic in 1979 by David Dacko against Jean-Bédel Bokassa
Central African Republic in 1981 by André Kolingba against David Dacko
Central African Republic in 2003 by François Bozizé against André Kolingba
Chad in 1975 by Noël Milarew Odingar against François Tombalbaye
Chile on January 23, 1925 by Carlos Ibáñez del Campo and Marmaduke Grove Vallejo against Luis Altamirano Talavera
Chile on September 11, 1973 by Augusto Pinochet against Salvador Allende
Ciskei in 1990 by Oupa Gqozo against Lennox Sebe
Colombia in June 1953 by Gustavo Rojas Pinilla against Laureano Gómez
Comoros in 1999 by Azali Assoumani
Congo-Brazzaville in 1968 by Marien Ngouabi
Congo-Léopoldville in 1960 by Joseph Mobutu
Costa Rica in 1870 by Bruno Carranza Ramírez
Costa Rica in 1876 by Vicente Herrera Zeledón
Costa Rica in 1917 by Federico Tinoco Granados
Côte d'Ivoire in 1999 by Robert Guéi
Cuba in 1952 by Fulgencio Batista
Cyprus in 1974 by Nikos Sampson
Dahomey in 1963 by Christophe Soglo
Dahomey in 1972 by Mathieu Kérékou
Dominican Republic in 1963 under Emilio de los Santos
Ecuador in 1925 by Luis Telmo Paz y Miño
Ecuador in 1935 by Federico Páez
Ecuador in 1963 by Ramón Castro Jijón
Ecuador in 1972 by Guillermo Rodríguez
Ecuador in 2000 by Lucio Gutiérrez
Egypt in 1952 by Gamal Abdel Nasser
El Salvador in 1931 by Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
El Salvador in 1948 by Manuel de Jesús Córdova
El Salvador in 1960
El Salvador in 1979
Equatorial Guinea in 1979 by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
Estonia in 1934 by Konstantin Päts
Fiji in 1987 by Sitiveni Rabuka
Fiji in 2000 by George Speight
Fiji in 2006 by Frank Bainimarama
France in 1799 by Napoleon I
France in 1851 under Napoleon III
Ethiopia in 1974 under the Derg
Gambia in 1994 under Yahya Jammeh
Georgia in 1992 under Eduard Shevardnadze
Ghana in 1966 under Joseph Arthur Ankrah
Ghana in 1972 under Ignatius Kutu Acheampong
Ghana in 1981 under Jerry John Rawlings
Greece in 1967 under Georgios Papadopoulos
Grenada in 1979 under Maurice Bishop
Grenada in 1983 under Bernard Coard
Guatemala in 1963 under Enrique Peralta Azurdia
Guatemala in 1982 under Efraín Ríos Montt
Guinea in 1984 under Lansana Conté
Guinea-Bissau in 1980 under João Bernardo Vieira
Guinea-Bissau in 1999 under Ansumane Mané
Guinea-Bissau in 2003 under Veríssimo Correia Seabra
Haiti in 1946 under Dumarsais Estimé
Haiti in 1956 under Paul Eugène Magloire
Haiti 1991 September 30 and 2004 February 29 democratically-elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide forced to flee.
Honduras in 1956
Honduras in 1963 under Oswaldo López Arellano
Honduras in 1972 under Oswaldo López Arellano
Honduras in 1975 under Juan Alberto Melgar Castro
Honduras in 1978 under Policarpo Paz García
Indonesia in 1966 under Haji Mohammad Suharto
Iran in 1921 under Reza Pahlavi
Iran in 1953 under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Iraq in 1958 under Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i and Abdul Karim Qassim
Iraq in 1963 under Abdul Salam Arif
Iraq in 1968 under Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr
South Korea in 1961 under Park Chung Hee
South Korea in 1979 under Chun Doo-hwan
Laos in 1960 under Kong Le
Latvia in 1934 under Karlis Ulmanis
Lesotho in 1986 under Justin Metsing Lekhanya
Liberia in 1980 under Samuel K. Doe
Libya in 1969 under Muammar al-Qaddafi
Lithuania in 1926 under Antanas Smetona
Madagascar in 1972 under Gabriel Ramanantsoa
Mali in 1968 under Moussa Traoré
Mali in 1991 under Amadou Toumani Touré
Mauritania in 1978 under Mustafa Ould Salek
Mauritania in 2005 under Ely Ould Mohamed Vall
Muscat and Oman in 1970 under Qaboos bin Said
Niger in 1974 by Seyni Kountché against Hamani Diori
Niger in 1996 under Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara
Nigeria in 1966 under Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu
Nigeria in 1983 under Muhammadu Buhari
Nigeria in 1985 under Ibrahim Babangida
Panama in 1968 under Omar Torrijos
Pakistan in 1958 under Ayub Khan
Pakistan in 1977 under Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Pakistan in 1999 under Pervez Musharraf
Paraguay in 1989 under Andrés Rodríguez
Peru in 1914 under Óscar Benavides
Peru in 1919 under Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo
Peru in 1930 under Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
Peru in 1948 under Manuel A. Odría
Peru in 1962 under Ricardo Pérez Godoy
Peru in 1968 under Juan Velasco Alvarado
Peru in 1992 under Alberto Fujimori (dissolved Parliament)
Poland in 1926 under Józef Pilsudski
Portugal in 1926 under Gomes da Costa
Portugal in 1974 under António de Spínola
Romania in 1944
Russia in 1917 under Vladimir Lenin
Rwanda in 1973 under Juvénal Habyarimana
São Tomé and Príncipe in 1995 under Manuel Quintas de Almeida
São Tomé and Príncipe in 2003 under Fernando Pereira
Seychelles in 1977 under France-Albert René
Sierra Leone in 1967 under David Lansana
Sierra Leone in 1967 under Andrew Juxon-Smith
Sierra Leone in 1968 under John Amadu Bangura
Sierra Leone in 1992 under Valentine Strasser
Sierra Leone in 1996 under Julius Maada Bio
Sierra Leone in 1997 under Johnny Paul Koroma
Solomon Islands in 2000 by the Malaitan Eagle Force
Somalia in 1969 under Muhammad Siad Barre
Spain in 1936 under Francisco Franco
Sudan in 1958 under Ibrahim Abboud
Sudan in 1969 under Gaafar al-Nimeiry
Sudan in 1985 under Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
Sudan in 1989 under Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir
Suriname in 1980 under Dési Bouterse
Suriname in 1990 under Ivan Graanoogst
Syria in 1966 under Salah Jadid
Syria in 1970 under Hafez al-Assad
Thailand in 2006 under Sonthi Boonyaratglin
Togo in 1963 under Étienne Eyadéma
Transkei in 1987 under Bantu Holomisa
Tunisia in 1987 under Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
Turkey in 1960 under the National Unity Committee headed by Cemal Gürsel
Turkey in 1971 under four Force Commanders of the Turkish Armed Forces
Turkey in 1980 under Kenan Evren
Uganda in 1966 under Milton Obote
Uganda in 1971 under Idi Amin
Upper Volta in 1966 under Sangoulé Lamizana
Upper Volta in 1980 under Saye Zerbo
Upper Volta in 1982 under Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
Upper Volta in 1983 under Thomas Sankara
Uruguay in 1933 under Gabriel Terra
Uruguay in 1973
Venda in 1990 under Gabriel Ramushwana
Venezuela in 1948 under Carlos Delgado Chalbaud
Venezuela in 2002 under Pedro Carmona (success often disputed; Carmona occupied the presidential office for roughly a day)
South Vietnam in 1963 under Duong Van Minh
Yemen in 1962 under Abdullah as-Sallal
Yemen Arab Republic in 1974 under Ibrahim al-Hamadi
Zanzibar in 1964 under John Okello
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