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20 November, 2003

After the November 15 bombings, a second day of the 2003 Istanbul Bombings occurs in Istanbul, Turkey, destroying the Turkish head office of HSBC Bank AS and the British consulate.

20 November, 2001

In Washington, D.C., U.S. President George W. Bush dedicates the United States Department of Justice headquarters building as the Robert F. Kennedy Justice Building, honoring the late Robert F. Kennedy on what would have been his 76th birthday.

20 November, 1998

A court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regard to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.

20 November, 1998

The first module of the International Space Station, Zarya, was launched.

20 November, 1994

The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol in Zambia, ending 19 years of civil war (localized fighting resumed the next year).

20 November, 1993

Savings and Loan scandal: The United States Senate Ethics Committee issues a stern censure of California senator Alan Cranston for his "dealings" with savings-and-loan executive Charles Keating.

20 November, 1993

An Avioimpex Yak 42D crashed near Ohrid, Macedonia. The aircraft was on a flight from Geneva, Switzerland to Skopje, but had been diverted to Ohrid due to poor weather conditions at the Skopje airport. On landing the aircraft crashed into Mount Trojani near Ohrid. All eight crew members and 115 of the 116 passengers were killed.

20 November, 1992

In England, a fire breaks out in the Private Chapel room of Windsor Castle, rages for 15 hours, and seriously damages the northwest side of the building (an investigation found that the fire was ignited after a spotlight came into contact with a curtain over an extended period).

20 November, 1989

Velvet Revolution: The number of protesters assembled in Prague, Czechoslovakia swells from 200,000 the day before to an estimated half-million.

20 November, 1985

Microsoft Windows 1.0 is released.

20 November, 1984

SETI is founded.

20 November, 1983

In the U.S., an estimated 100 million people watch the controversial made-for-television movie The Day After, depicting a nuclear war and its effects on the United States.

20 November, 1979

Grand Mosque Seizure: About 200 Sunni Muslims revolt in Saudi Arabia at the site of the Kaaba in Mecca during the pilgrimage and take about 6000 hostages in the Kaaba. The Saudi government received help from French special forces to put down the uprising.

20 November, 1975

Francisco Franco, Caudillo of Spain dies after 36 years in power. He died, symbolically, on the 39th anniversary of the death of Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera

20 November, 1974

The United States Department of Justice files its final anti-trust suit against AT&T. This suit later leads to the break up of AT&T and its Bell System.

20 November, 1969

Vietnam War: The Cleveland Plain Dealer publishes explicit photographs of dead villagers from the My Lai massacre in Vietnam.

20 November, 1968

Vietnam War: Eleven men comprising a Long Range Patrol team from F Company, 58th Infantry, 101st Airborne are surrounded and nearly wiped out by North Vietnamese army regulars from the 4th and 5th Regiment. The seven wounded survivors are rescued after several hours by an impromptu force made of other men from their unit.

20 November, 1962

Cuban Missile Crisis ends: In response to the Soviet Unions agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba, U.S. President John F. Kennedy ends the quarantine of the Caribbean nation.

20 November, 1955

Bo Diddley becomes the first African American performer to appear on The Ed Sullivan Show. Apparently Sullivan was infuriated when Diddley sang his self-titled song instead of Tennessee Ernie Fords hit, "Sixteen Tons".

20 November, 1952

Slánský trials - a series of Stalinist and anti-Semitic show trials in Czechoslovakia.

20 November, 1947

The Princess Elizabeth marries Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten at Westminster Abbey in London.

20 November, 1945

Nuremberg Trials: Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals start at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.

20 November, 1943

World War II: Battle of Tarawa (Operation Galvanic) begins - United States Marines land on Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands and suffer heavy fire from Japanese shore guns and machine guns.

20 November, 1940

World War II: Hungary, Romania and Slovakia join the Axis Powers.

20 November, 1936

Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera, founder of the Falange is killed by a republican execution squad.

20 November, 1923

Rentenmark replaces the Papiermark as the official currency of Germany at the exchange rate of one Rentenmark to One Trillion Papiermark

20 November, 1917

World War I: Battle of Cambrai begins - British forces make early progress in an attack on German positions but are later pushed back.

20 November, 1917

Ukraine is declared a republic.

20 November, 1910

Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero issues the Plan de San Luis Potosi, denouncing President Porfirio Díaz, declaring himself president, and calling for a revolution to overthrow the government of Mexico, effectively starting the Mexican Revolution.

20 November, 1902

Henri Desgrange and fellow journalist Géo Lefèvre dream up the idea of the Tour de France over lunch at the Café de Madrid in Paris.

20 November, 1861

Secession ordinance filed by Kentuckys Confederate government.

20 November, 1820

An 80-ton sperm whale attacks the Essex (a whaling ship from Nantucket, Massachusetts) 2,000 miles from the western coast of South America (Herman Melvilles 1851 novel Moby-Dick was in part inspired by this story).

20 November, 1789

New Jersey becomes the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights.

20 November, 1700

Great Northern War: Battle of Narva - King Charles XII of Sweden defeats the army of Tsar Peter the Great at Narva.

20 November, 1695

Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil, was executed.

20 November, 1490

Joanot Martorells book Tirant lo Blanc is published for the first time.

20 November, 1407

A solemn truce between John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans is agreed under the auspices of John, Duke of Berry. Orléans would be assassinated three days later by Burgundy.

20 November, 1194

Palermo is conquered by Emperor Henry VI.

20 November, 762

Bögü, Khan of the Uyghurs, conquers Lo-Yang, capital of the Chinese Empire.

20 November, 284

Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor.

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