1. On 23 December 1888, a painter cut off part of his own ear after a quarrel with a fellow artist. Name both painters, and the town in the south of France where it happened.

2. On 23 December 1947, scientists at Bell Labs first demonstrated a tiny device that would replace vacuum tubes and make modern electronics possible. What was it?

3. The poem "A Visit from St. Nicholas" ("'Twas the night before Christmas") was first published anonymously on 23 December 1823. Who is usually credited as its author?

4. On 23 December 1913, President Woodrow Wilson signed a law creating the central bank of the United States. What is the bank called?

5. On 23 December 1972, a deflected pass was caught just above the ground for a last-second touchdown in one of the most famous plays in NFL history. What is the play called, and who caught the ball?

6. On 23 December 1986, an aircraft landed in California after the first non-stop, unrefuelled flight around the world. What was the plane called, and who were its two pilots?

7. On 23 December 1834, an architect from York patented a two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage that became famous on the streets of Victorian London. What was it called?

8. A Japanese emperor born on 23 December 1933 became the first to abdicate in about 200 years, in 2019. Who is he?

9. A European queen was born in Heidelberg on 23 December 1943. Who is she, and of which country is she queen?

10. 23 December is the date of "Festivus", a made-up holiday from which American sitcom? Name either of its traditions.