ANSWERS

1. The Battle of the Boyne, won by William III (William of Orange)

The Boyne was fought on 1 July 1690 in the old Julian calendar, which works out as 11 July in today's calendar. The date has been celebrated on 12 July for centuries, partly because of the calendar change and partly because the Battle of Aughrim was fought on 12 July 1691 (Julian).

2. Catherine Parr. She was the only one of his wives to outlive him.

3. Alfred Dreyfus

4. The Rolling Stones

5. Disco Demolition Night. The records were disco records.

6. Kiribati

7. Brazil, 3-0. Zinedine Zidane scored twice.

8. On 12 July 1920

9. Julius Caesar

Ancient sources disagree on whether Caesar was born on 12 or 13 July, and some historians argue for 102 or 101 BC. That's why the question says "traditionally".

10. Henry David Thoreau, "Walden"

11. Pablo Neruda

12. Amedeo Modigliani

13. Oscar Hammerstein II. He wrote "The Sound of Music" with Richard Rodgers.

14. George Eastman, Kodak

15. Malala Yousafzai. She was 17.

16. Josiah Wedgwood. His grandson was Charles Darwin.

17. Erasmus

18. Smoking (cigarette smoking)

19. Charles Rolls (of Rolls-Royce)

20. Canada (Upper Canada)