ANSWERS

1. Longwood House

2. Karl Marx

3. The Mexican army's victory over the French at the Battle of Puebla (in 1862)

4. Carnegie Hall. Tchaikovsky conducted.

5. Cy Young

6. Chanel No. 5. Coco Chanel is said to have chosen the fifth day of the fifth month because five was her lucky number.

The 5 May 1921 launch date and the lucky-number story are part of the Chanel legend and appear in many accounts, but they are hard to confirm from records of the time. That's why the question says "is said to have been".

7. The Netherlands

8. Its sovereignty (it became a sovereign state)

9. Alan Shepard, in Freedom 7. He hit golf balls on the Moon.

10. The Iranian Embassy. The rescue was carried out by the SAS.

11. The Council of Europe

12. Pravda. It means "truth".

13. John Scopes

14. Søren Kierkegaard

15. Nellie Bly. She beat Phileas Fogg, from Jules Verne's "Around the World in Eighty Days".

16. Michael Palin

17. Adele

18. Henryk Sienkiewicz

19. Kublai Khan

20. Mechelen