ANSWERS

1. Juan Sebastián Elcano (the ship was the Victoria)

Magellan was killed in the Philippines in 1521. Only the Victoria and 18 men completed the voyage, reaching Spain in September 1522.

2. Avignon

3. Pius IX

4. John Brown and Company

5. The Palme d'Or

The Palme d'Or was introduced in 1955. Before then the top prize was the Grand Prix du Festival.

6. Bobby Riggs

7. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe wrote his account many years later, so the exact words are not certain. The usual version is "From this place and this day forth begins a new era in the history of the world."

8. The Crimean War

9. Bahadur Shah II (Bahadur Shah Zafar)

10. The Nine Years' War (also called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg); the Netherlands (Rijswijk)

11. Sound changes in the Germanic languages (how consonants shifted from Proto-Indo-European, for example p becoming f, as in Latin "pater" and English "father")

12. Finlandia (Jean Sibelius)

13. Paul Erdős; Hungarian

14. Sophia Loren; Two Women (La Ciociara)

15. The Jungle (Upton Sinclair)

16. Westeros (George R.R. Martin)

17. Stevie Smith (Florence Margaret Smith)

18. Martin Luther King Jr.

19. Harald Hardrada (Harald III of Norway)

Five days later, Harold Godwinson defeated and killed both Hardrada and Tostig at Stamford Bridge. Then he had to march south to face William at Hastings.

20. The Tyne (built by Swan Hunter at Wallsend)