1. On 23 September 1846, an astronomer at the Berlin Observatory found a new planet within an hour of starting to look, using a French mathematician's prediction. Name the planet, the astronomer who found it, and the mathematician who predicted it.

2. On 23 September 1806, two explorers arrived back in St Louis after their famous expedition to the Pacific coast. Name both.

3. A famous video game company was founded in Kyoto on 23 September 1889. Name the company. What did it originally make?

4. Which country was unified as a kingdom on 23 September 1932, a date now its National Day? Name its founding king.

5. On 23 September 1779, a famous naval battle took place off the Yorkshire coast. When asked to surrender, an American captain is said to have replied "I have not yet begun to fight!" Name the captain and his ship.

6. Which founder of psychoanalysis died in London on 23 September 1939, a year after escaping the Nazis in Vienna?

7. On 23 September 1952, a vice-presidential candidate made a TV speech defending himself against claims about a secret fund, and mentioned his family's dog. What is the speech known as, and who gave it?

8. On 23 September 1999, NASA lost a spacecraft as it arrived at Mars. What was the probe called, and what simple mistake caused the loss?

9. The first Roman emperor was born on 23 September 63 BC. Who was he? Which month is named after him?

10. A Spanish singer born on 23 September 1943 had planned to be a professional footballer until a car accident ended his career. Name the singer, his position, and the club he played for.