1. Paris was liberated on 25 August 1944. Which German general surrendered the city, having ignored Hitler's orders to destroy it?

2. On 25 August 1835, the New York Sun began a series of articles claiming that bat-winged people and other creatures had been seen on the Moon. To which real astronomer did the hoax credit the discoveries?

3. On 25 August 1609, Galileo demonstrated his new telescope to the lawmakers of which republic, who could see that it would be useful for spotting ships?

4. The Belgian Revolution began on 25 August 1830 when the audience poured out into the streets of Brussels after a performance. What kind of performance was it?

5. On 25 August 1875, which merchant navy captain became the first person to swim the English Channel without artificial aids?

6. The US National Park Service was created on 25 August 1916. Which park, established in 1872, is usually called the world's first national park?

7. Neil Armstrong died on 25 August 2012. Before joining NASA, he had been a test pilot for which rocket-powered aircraft?

8. On the night of 25-26 August 1940, the RAF bombed Berlin for the first time. Hitler's angry response led to which campaign against British cities?

9. Louis IX of France died near Tunis on 25 August 1270, while on crusade. He was later made a saint. Which American city is named after him?

10. Ivan the Terrible was born on 25 August 1530. In 1547 he became the first Russian ruler to be crowned with which title?

11. Sean Connery was born in Edinburgh on 25 August 1930. What did he deliver as a young man, famously to Fettes College?

12. Leonard Bernstein was born on 25 August 1918. When he conducted Beethoven's Ninth in Berlin at Christmas 1989, which word did he substitute for "Freude" (joy)?

13. A singer born on 25 August 1954 had hits including "Oliver's Army" and "Watching the Detectives". What is his real name?

14. A German supermodel born on 25 August 1970 was discovered in a Düsseldorf nightclub. Who is she?

15. A thriller writer born on 25 August 1938 wrote "The Day of the Jackal". Whom is the Jackal hired to kill?

16. A Scottish-born detective born in Glasgow on 25 August 1819 founded an agency whose logo, an open eye with the slogan "We Never Sleep", is said to have given us which phrase for a detective?

17. A German philosopher who died in Weimar on 25 August 1900 wrote which book about a prophet who comes down from the mountains to announce the Übermensch?

18. A scientist who died on 25 August 1867 started a famous series of Christmas lectures for young people in 1825. At which London institution are they given?

19. An American writer who died on 25 August 1984 wrote "In Cold Blood". Who was he?

20. A British novelist born on 25 August 1949 wrote "Money" and "London Fields". Who was his novelist father?